TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS OF DEUTEROSTOME INVERTEBRATES

Toll-like receptors of deuterostome invertebrates

Defensive systems against pathogens are responsible not only for survival or lifetime of an individual but also for the evolution of a species.Innate immunity is expected to be more important for invertebrates than mammals, given that adaptive immunity has not been acquired in the former.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to play a crucial

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Farmer and Veterinary Practices and Opinions Related to the Diagnosis of Mastitis and Metabolic Disease in UK Dairy Cows

Production diseases are highly prevalent in modern dairy herds, resulting in lost productivity and reduced animal welfare.Two important production diseases are mastitis and metabolic disorders.The availability of robust diagnostic tools that can detect animals at early stages of disease is crucial to prevent the high costs associated with lost prod

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